Architecture

The architecture of iced is inspired by the elm architecture. This architecture splits your code into 4 main parts:

• Messages
• State
• Update Logic
• View Logic

State

The state contains all the data that your program wants to store throughout its lifespan. This is implemented using a struct. For example, in case of a simple counter app, which increments or decrements the current count value, the state would be like this,

struct Counter {
    count: i32
}

In the above snippet, all we need is a count value for a simple counter application. hence the state.

Message

The message defines any events or interactions that your program will care about. In iced, it will be implemented using the rust enum. For example, let's take a simple counter app, the Messages / Events that might occur are stored in the Message enum, For example,

enum Message {
    IncrementCount,
    DecrementCount
}

Update Logic

The update logic is called every time a message is emitted and can operate based on this message. This logic is the only one that can change the state of your application. A rough example of update logic with respect to the previous counter example is below,

fn update(&mut self, message: Message) -> iced::Task<Message> {
    match message {
        Message::IncrementCount => self.count += 1,
        Message::DecrementCount => self.count -= 1
    }
    iced::Task::none()
}

View Logic

The view logic generates the view, elements/widgets, and layout based on the current state. The view logic is called every time after the update logic is called. So for a simple counter app, all we need is a text view and two buttons. We can declare our UI as follows,

fn view(&self) {
    let ui = column![
        button("+").on_press(Message::IncrementCount),
        text(self.count),
        button("-").on_press(Message::DecrementCount)
    ]
}

Note: The snippets shown above are just for example purposes and will not compile.

Now that we got a basic understanding of the ELM architecture, we can deep dive into Iced and create a simple counter app.